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A Quick Guide to Understanding Fiber Polarity in MTP/MPO Fiber Optic Cabling System

Date: 2024-12-11 14:56:43

MTP/MPO fiber optic cabling system is an ideal and feasible solution to solving cable congestion and fiber polarity issues in data center applications. It provides high density, flexibility, reliability, and scalability features. This article provides a basic understanding of fiber polarity in MTP/MPO fiber optic cabling systems.
 
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What is Fiber Polarity?
Fiber polarity refers to the matching between the transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) at both ends of the fiber optic link. It defines the direction light signals travel from one end to the other end of a fiber optic cable.

What is an MTP/MPO Connector?
The MTP/MPO (Multi-Fiber Pull-Off/Multi-Fiber Push-On) connector is a high-performance fiber optic connector. It improves optical and mechanical performance. The unique design of the MTP/MPO connector guarantees the accuracy of the fiber polarity in the MTP/MPO network system.

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MTP/MPO connector has a male (with pins) or a female (without pins) version to ensure alignment of the fiber end faces during mating. The key is on the top side of the MTP/MPO connector to ensure that the adapter holds the connector with the correct ends aligned with each other. The fiber holes in the connector are numbered in sequence from left to right, P1 (Fiber Position 1), P2, etc. A white dot is additionally marked on one side of the connector to indicate where P1 is. The orientation of the key is critical when it comes to polarity.
 
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MTP/MPO Trunk Cables for Fiber Polarity Methods
1) MTP Trunk Cable Type A
Type A cable, also known as straight cable, is a straight-through cable with a key-up MTP connector on one end and a key-down MTP connector on the other end so that the fiber located at position 1 (P1) of the connector on one side will arrive at P1 at the other connector.
 
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2) MTP Trunk Cable Type  B
Type B cable (reversed cable) has a key-up connector on both ends of the cable. This type of array mating results in an inversion, which means the fiber positions are reversed at each end. The fiber at P1 at one end is mated with fiber at P12 at the opposing end. 

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3) MTP Trunk Cable Type C
Type C cable (pairs flipped cable) looks like Type A cable with one key-up connector and one key-down connector on each side. Nevertheless, in Type C each adjacent pair of fibers at one end is flipped at the other end. For instance, the fiber at P1 on one end is shifted to P2 at the other end of the cable. The fiber at P2 at one end is shifted to P1 at the opposite end, etc. 
 
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Connectivity Methods
(1) Method A:  A type-A trunk cable connects an MTP module on each side of the link. In Method A, two types of patch cords are used to correct the polarity. The patch cable on the left is standard duplex A-to-B type, while on the right a duplex A-to-A type patch cable is used. 

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(2) Method B: In Method B, a Type B MTP trunk cable is used to connect the two modules on each side of the link. The fiber positions of Type B cable are reversed at each end. Therefore, standard A-to-B-type duplex patch cables are used on both sides. 
 
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(3) Method C: The pair-reversed MTP trunk cable is used in Method C to connect the MPO modules on each side of the link. Patch cords at both ends are the standard duplex A-to-B type.

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Conclusion
Understanding the polarity of the  MTP/MPO cable system helps you better upgrade the 40G and 100G networks. According to different polarity methods, choosing the right MTP/MPO cables, MTP/MPO connectors, MTP cassettes, and patch cords will provide greater flexibility and reliability for your high-density network.

Sun Telecom specializes in providing one-stop total fiber optic solutions for all fiber optic application industries worldwide. Contact us if you have any needs.

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