PM Fiber Circulator Explained — Do You Need It? - Products - Sun Telecom-Fiber Optic Total Solutions

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PM Fiber Circulator Explained — Do You Need It?

Date: 2025-12-08 09:06:03

PM (Polarization Maintaining) fiber circulator is designed with a high extinction ratio and isolation, low insertion loss, and polarization maintenance. It is built with Panda PM fiber. It is an ideal solution for fiber amplifiers, pump lasers, and fiber sensor applications. This article will mainly introduce PM fiber circulators.

What is a PM Fiber Circulator?

PM fiber circulator is a non-reciprocating, unidirectional, or three-port( or four-port) fiber optic device built with PM panda fiber that maintains polarization while redirecting light from port-to-port in only one direction and minimizing back reflection and back scattering in the reverse direction. It is available with 250um bare fiber, a 900um cable jacket, or a 3mm cable jacket, operating wavelength ranges of 532/635/680/780/808/850/930/980/1310/1030/1064/1550/1053/1940/2000nm, Faraday(based), TGG (based), circulators with no connectors, FC/PC, or FC/APC connectors.PM circulator is fast axis blocked and designed to work with light launched into the slow axis.

How Does PM Fiber Circulator Work?

PM fiber circulator operates based on the Faraday rotation effect, transmitting a light signal from one port to the next sequential port with low loss, and at the same time blocking any light transmission to the previous port. It can maintain the same state of polarization (SOP) of the light signals and work on both slow-axis and fast-axis linear polarization or transmit one principal polarization state in only one direction and block the orthogonal state in both directions. A light traveling in one direction through a Faraday rotator has its polarization rotated in one particular direction. Light entering the Faraday rotator from the opposite direction has its phase rotated in the opposite direction (relative to the direction of propagation of the light). In other words, light is rotated in the same direction as the rotator regardless of its direction of travel.

Types of PM Fiber Circulators

PM fiber circulators are available in 3-port, 4-port, Faraday, or TGG-based types. 3-port PM fiber circulator transmits a signal from port 1 to port 2, and port 2 to port 3. While the 4-port PM fiber circulator transmits a signal from port 1 to port 2, port 2 to port 3, and port 3 to port 4. The devices are built with PM panda fiber and can maintain polarization.

Features and Benefits

PM fiber circulator provides the following features and benefits:
1.Low insertion loss and PDL (Polarization Dependent Loss)
2.High isolation and extinction ratio
3.High reliability and stability
4.High return loss and polarization maintenance
5.Compact design and low cost
6.PM Fiber with no connectors, FC/PC, or FC/APC connectors and fast axis blocking

Applications

PM fiber circulator is used in fiber laser, fiber optic sensing, testing instrument, coherent optical transmission, optical fiber amplifiers, OTDR, EDFA, DCM, WDM/DWDM, CATV, LAN, etc.

Conclusion

PM fiber circulator employs advanced micro-optics design, and it features a high extinction ratio, isolation, stability and reliability, and low insertion loss, making it the ideal solution for optical fiber amplifiers, pump lasers, and fiber optic sensing applications.

Sun Telecom specializes in providing one-stop total fiber optic solutions for all fiber optic application industries worldwide. Contact us if you have any needs.

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